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Northern Vietnam and Southern Vietnam are two historic, geographic and cultural regions within Vietnam. In the present context, Southern and Northern Vietnam could be differentiated as followed: (Each region consists of subregions, with often considerable cultural differences between subregions). Northern Vietnam includes the following subregions: *Northwest (Tây Bắc) *Northeast (Đông Bắc) *Red River Delta (Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng) *North Central Coast (Bắc Trung Bộ) Southern Vietnam includes the following subregions: *South Central Coast (Nam Trung Bộ) *Central Highlands (Tây Nguyên) *Southeast (Đông Nam Bộ) *Mekong River Delta (Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long) ==Historical context== (詳細はRed River Delta in Northern Vietnam is the traditional homeland of the ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh people) where various Bronze Age cultures such as Phung Nguyen and Dong Son originated over 4000 years ago. Though migration and conquests, Vietnamese people gradually spread south in a process called Nam Tiến (''Advancing South''). Central Vietnam was home to Cham people, a Malayo-Polynesian ethnic group who found their distinct Indianised Kingdom over the Central Coast before being subdued by the Vietnamese during the 14th century. Their predecessors, people who are now known as the Sa Huynh culture, dated back from 1000 BCE. The Mekong Delta in southernmost Vietnam was part of Funan, Chenla then Angkor Empire. Chinese and Vietnamese started migrating en masse to this region during the 16th to 17th century. Northern and Southern Vietnam was a fluid concept that changed constantly during the course of history. During the Lê–Mạc wars (1541-1592), Vietnam was partitioned with the Mạc dynasty holding the Red River Delta and Lê dynasty controlling the Central Region from Nghệ An to Bình Định while Champa and the Khmers still hold their polities further south. During the Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1627–73), the country was partitioned between two ruling Lords with the border being the Gianh River in Quảng Bình Province. The North, called ''Đàng Ngoài'' (Outer Expanse) is ruled by the Trịnh Lords and Nguyễn lords in the South, called ''Đàng Trong'' (Inner Expanse) or ''Quảng Nam Quốc'', with Lê emperors still nominally act as head of state. The two sides ruled their own domain independent of the other, and frequently fought each other. The imposed separation encouraged the two regions to develop their own cultures. After the Tay Son Wars (1770-1802) and the founding of the Nguyễn dynasty, the country started getting the present shape with the center of power now switched to Huế in Central Vietnam. During French colonialism, the French divided the country into three parts, directly ruling over Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) while establishing protectorates in Annam (central Vietnam) and Tonkin (northern Vietnam). Consequently, Cochinchina was more directly influenced by French culture than the other two regions. From 1954 to 1975, Vietnam was again divided into two separate nations, divided by the Bến Hải River in Quảng Trị Province at the 17th parallel. The North, ruled by a communist government, is allied with communist China and the Soviet Union, while the South had a free-market economy, quasi-democratic government and had contact with the United States, the West and Western-aligned nations. Although the nation has been united since 1975, linguistic, cultural, and other differences serve to delineate the two regions from one another, with accompanying stereotypes. The largest city in the North is Hanoi, the nation's capital; and the country's economical capital and largest city in the South is Ho Chi Minh City (formerly called Saigon). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northern and southern Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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